구의동수학 and the dynamics of higher education stratification. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33, 318-339, Appendix 6. Retrieved from http://www-personal. umich.edu/~bastedo/papers/EEPA-Appendix.pdf. 52 The High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS:2009) sampled 9th graders and completed follow-ups in 2012 (11th grade) and 2013 (the fall after expected high school graduation date). For these reasons HSLS:2009 is not directly comparable to the earlier four studies which started in 10th or 8th grade and had follow-ups in 12th grade. The 12th grade data on anticipated college were used in the Bastedo and Jaquette (2011) analyses on selectivity for the four earlier NCES longitudinal studies. The HSLS used quintiles for the SES classification rather than quartiles. 53 For more information on Barron’s Admissions Competitiveness Index as it pertains to Indicators 2d and 2e, see Bastedo and Jaquette (2011), including their online Appendix Table 2 http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bastedo/papers/EEPA-Appendix.pdf. Equity Indicator 2: What Type of Postsecondary Educational Institution Do Students Attend? 55 included in Barron’s Admissions Competitiveness Index based on level and control using IPEDS data.54 We used the Barron’s indices for all years in Indicator 2e. Reflecting high consistency in Barron’s methodology across years, only a small share of institutions change competitiveness classification over time.55 Equity Indicator 2a: How Does the Level of Institution Attended Vary by Pell or Other Federal Grant Receipt? Indicator 2a shows that, among full-time, first-time (FTFT) degree-seeking undergraduates, those who received Pell and other Federal Grants are consistently less likely than those who do not receive Federal Grants to attend 4-year institutions rather than 2-year institutions (58 percent of Federal Grant recipients versus 76 percent of nonrecipients in 2015).56 The shares of recipients and non-recipients enrolled at 4-year rather than 2-year institutions decreased somewhat during the Great Recession but have since slowly increased. The percentage of FTFT undergraduates attending 4-year rather than 2-year institutions increased among Federal Grant recipients from 53 percent in 2010 to 58 percent in 2015 and increased among non-recipients from 69 percent in 2010 to 76 percent in 2015. Part of the increases in 4-year enrollment vs. 2-year enrollment is due to the increase in large former 2-year institutions that now award bachelor’s degrees and hence changed classification category.57 Equity Indicator 2b: How Does the Control of Institution Attended Vary by Receipt of Pell or Other Federal Grants? Most students attend public institutions rather than private non-profit or private for-profit institutions. Indicator 2b shows that, in 2015, 70 percent of Pell and other Federal Grant recipients and 71 percent of non-recipients were attending public institutions. The distribution of FTFT undergraduates who did not receive Pell or Federal Grants across public, private nonprofit, and private for-profit institutions remained relatively stable over the past decade. About 70 percent of non-recipients were enrolled at public institutions, 25 percent were enrolled at private non-profit institutions, and 4 percent were enrolled in private for-profit institutions. In contrast, Indicator 2b shows that the distribution of FTFT undergraduates who received Pell and other Federal Grants shifted across these three sectors over the past decade. The proportion of FTFT undergraduates receiving Pell and other Federal Grants enrolled at for-profit institutions increased from 18 percent in 2004 to 23 percent in 2006, reached a peak of 31 percent in 2010 (in the Great Recession), and then declined to 20 percent by 2011 and 13 percent in 2015. Federal Grant recipients were 3 times as likely as those who did not receive Federal Grants to be enrolled at forprofit institutions rather than public or private non-profit institutions in 2015 (13 percent versus 4 percent), up from 2 times as likely in 2004. 54 National Center for Education Statistics, Barron’s Admissions Competitiveness
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