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vary by state and region, with higher rates in the northeastern states and region than in other parts of the U.S. NOTE: States with no entry for Black are those with two few sample members for estimation. Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population 18- to 24- year olds residing within the United States, including both noninstitutionalized persons (e.g., those living in households, college housing, or military housing located within the United States) and institutionalized persons (e.g., those living in prisons, nursing facilities, or other healthcare facilities). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. SOURCE: U.S Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 2015. Digest of Education Statistics 2016 [Table 302.65]. White Black 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 37% 44% 43% 36% 42% 48% 44% 42% 42% 43% 39% 41% 47% 42% 40% 42% 39% 43% 44% 45% 44% 45% 45% 39% 45% 49% 46% 48% 38% 50% 52% 45% 49% 51% 52% 68% 47% 54% 54% 64% 84% 23% 26% 27% 28% 30% 30% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 36% 36% 36% 36% 36% 36% 36% 37% 39% 39% 39% 39% 39% 39% 40% 41% 42% 42% 44% 45% 53% 38% 45% 61% 45% 31% 31% 39% 37% 38% 41% 47% 42% 41% 43% 39% Nevada Wisconsin Minnesota Washington Missouri Michigan Arizona Louisiana Ohio South Carolina West Virginia Tennessee Illinois Indiana Georgia Texas Oklahoma North Carolina Florida Virginia United States Alabama Mississippi Arkansas Colorado New Jersey Pennsylvania California Kentucky Delaware Maryland Kansas Iowa New York Connecticut Dist of Columbia Massachusetts Oregon Nebraska Rhode Island New Hampshire Alaska Hawaii Idaho Maine Montana New Mexico North Dakota South Dakota Utah Vermont Wyoming Equity Indicator 1: Who Enrolls in Postsecondary Education? 53 Equity Indicator 2(a-f): Definitions The sources of data for Equity Indicator 2 are: 1) Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), which has collected institutional-level data on U.S. postsecondary educational institutions since 1986; 2) five NCES high school longitudinal studies, and 3) 2016 Barron’s Admissions Competitiveness Index. • IPEDS Federal Grant Aid. IPEDS does not collect data on students’ family income, but does collect aggregate data on institutional characteristics that provide reasonable proxies.47 In Indicator 2, we report students receiving “Federal Grants.” Federal Grant aid is comprised primarily of Pell Grants but also includes Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (FSEOG) and grants from federal agencies other than the U.S. Department of Education such as the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Labor.48 We report Federal Grant aid because separate Pell Grant data are not reported in IPEDS before 2009 and because receipt of Federal Grant aid is a reasonable proxy for Pell-specific measures.49 In this report Federal Grant aid is also referred to as “Pell or other Federal Grants.” 47 Current IPEDS measures include the percent of undergraduates receiving Pell Grants, the percent of full-time, first-time (FTFT) undergraduates receiving Pell Grants, and the percent of full-time, first-time (FTFT) undergraduates receiving Federal Grant aid. 48 National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Data Center https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/selectVariables.aspx. 49 Others also use Federal Grant aid as a proxy for receiving Federal Pell Grants. See Giancola, J. & Kahlenberg, R. (2016). True merit: Ensuring our brightest students have access to our best colleges and universities. Lansdowne: Jack Kent Cooke Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.jkcf.org/assets/1/7/JKCF_True_Merit_Report.pdf. Pell Grants represented 66 percent of total federal aid in 2014-15, down from 75 percent in 2008-09. Over this period, the share of federal grant aid from veterans and military aid increased from 20 percent to 33 percent. College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2015, Figure 4 http://trends.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/trends-student-aid-web-final카테고리 없음