봉천동수학 public school enrollment; 2) numbers and percent of 4th to 9th graders that were approved for a free or reduced price lunch 9 years earlier; and 3) numbers of dependent Pell Grant recipients from each state in a given year. SOURCE: Mortenson, T. (2017). College participation rates for students from low-income families by state and sector: 1998 to 2016, Postsecondary Education Opportunity, 290. 0 2 10% 0% 30% 40% 50% 60% Alaska Oklahoma Wyoming New Mexico West Virginia Kentucky Louisiana Texas Idaho Arizona Utah Arkansas Washington Oregon Montana South Dakota Alabama Tennessee Hawaii North Dakota Colorado Mississippi South Carolina Missouri Nebraska Kansas Illinois Georgia Dist of Columbia Delaware Indiana North Carolina United States Nevada Ohio California Iowa Virginia Maine Michigan Wisconsin Vermont Maryland Florida Pennsylvania Minnesota Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire New York New Jersey 10% 21% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% 26% 26% 27% 27% 27% 28% 28% 29% 29% 30% 30% 30% 31% 31% 31% 31% 31% 32% 32% 32% 32% 32% 33% 33% 34% 34% 35% 35% 35% 38% 38% 39% 39% 39% 40% 40% 41% 41% 42% 44% 46% 49% 50% 56% 53% 48 2018 Equity Indicators Report Equity Indicator 1i(ii): Trends in estimated college participation rates for students from low-income families by state: 1989 to 2016 Indicator Status: While the 50 trend lines show considerable variation by state, virtually all states show the uptake in enrollment with the Great Recession followed by some decline in the recovery period. NOTE: Participation rates for low-income students are estimated based on: 1) public school enrollment figures; 2) percent of 4th to 9th graders nine years earlier that were approved for a free or reduced price 9 years earlier; and 3) number of dependent Pell Grant recipients from each state in a given year. SOURCE: Mortenson, T. (2017). College participation rates for students from low-income families by state and sector: 1998 to 2016, Postsecondary Education Opportunity, 290. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Alaska, 10% Alaska, 10% New Hampshire, 55% New Jersey, 56% Equity Indicator 1: Who Enrolls in Postsecondary Education? 49 Indicator 1j: What Are the Enrollment Rates of 18- to 24-Year Olds by Race/Ethnicity by State? The American Community Survey collects postsecondary enrollment data for 18- to 24- year-olds, with sample sizes sufficient to estimate data by state and by some race/ethnicity categories. Equity Indicator 1j(i) shows this data for the total state population for 2015 and Equity Indicators 1j(ii) and 1j (iii) show data for the two largest minority groups (Hispanics and Blacks, respectively) compared to Whites. Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population 18- to 24- year olds residing within the United States, including both noninstitutionalized persons (e.g., those living in households, college housing, or military housing located within the United States) and institutionalized persons (e.g., those living in prisons, nursing facilities, or other healthcare facilities). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. The overall United States enrollment rate of 18- to 24-year olds is 42 percent. Rhode Island (58 percent), District of Columbia (57 percent), and Massachusetts (52 percent) each has enrollment rate of 18- to 24-year olds of 50 percent or more. The lowest enrollment rates among the states are Alaska (28 percent), Nevada (33 percent), and Wyoming and Montana each with 35 percent. As the data in Indicator 1j(ii) and 1j(iii) show, for most states the percentage of Hispanic and Black 18- to 24-year olds who are enrolled is less than that of Whites. Overall in the United States the percentage of White 18- to 24- year olds who are enrolled is 44 percent; the percentage of Hispanics is 36 percent; the percentage of Blacks is 36 percent; the percentage of Asians is 67 percent; the percentage of American Indian/Alaska Native is 26 percent; and the percentage enrollment of two or more races is 44 percent.46 46 U.S. Department of Education, Digest
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