가양동수학 Center for Education Statistics (NCES) at approximately 10-year intervals over the last 40 years. These studies include the High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS) of 9th graders in 2009; Education Longitudinal Study (ELS: 2002) of 10th graders in 2002; National Education Longitudinal Study of 8th graders in 1988 (NELS:88); and High School and Beyond (HS&B:1980) study of 1980 10th graders. For those studies for which sufficient time has elapsed, we report data from the follow-ups 8 or 10 years after expected high school graduation (2012, 2000, and 1992, respectively).28 The High School Longitudinal Study of 9th graders began in 2009 and had an 11th grade follow-up in 2012. An update in 2013 collected information on high school completion and college enrollment in the fall after the expected on-time high school graduation. Data for the 2016 HSLS follow-up have been collected, but were not released in time for this report.29 We include data from the 2013 follow-up on the early college enrollment for the HSLS sample of 9th graders from 2009. The third source is data describing free and reduced price lunch estimates from the U.S. Department of Agriculture combined with Pell award data to estimate low-income student enrollment by state.30 28 NCES also sponsored a study of the High School Class of 1972. Because this study started with the senior class and had follow-up limitations, we do not include data from this study for college continuation rates. We use information from this study to observe trends in parents’ education in the Setting the Stage section and Indicator 2d describing selectivity of intended institutions among high school seniors. 29 The HSLS Second Follow-up was conducted in 2016. The data files and documentation are in preparation. NCES reports new data will be released in 2018. 30 Mortenson, T. (2017). College participation rates for students from low income families by state and sector: 1998 to 2016, Postsecondary Education Opportunity, 295. WHO ENROLLS IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION? In 2016, an estimated 78 percent of 18- to 24-year olds from the highest family income quartile enrolled in postsecondary education the fall after scheduled high school graduation, compared with 46 percent of those in the lowest quartile. EQUITY INDICATOR 1: 30 2018 Equity Indicators Report Definitions of the indicators and information about classifications are noted below. • Cohort College Participation Rate31 is defined as the percent of recent high school leavers continuing on to any type of postsecondary education, as measured by the Current Population Survey (CPS) and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). • High School Graduates College Continuation Rate is defined as the percent of high school graduates continuing on to any type of postsecondary education, as measured by the CPS and published by the BLS. The High School Graduates College Continuation Rate is higher than the Cohort College Participation Rate because it is contingent on high school completion. • Enrolled in postsecondary education within 8 or 10 years of expected high school graduation is defined as the percent of students who, in nationally representative school-based longitudinal studies, self-reported having ever enrolled in any type of postsecondary educational institution, regardless of degree-granting status of the institution or the student’s degree or certificate attainment status. • Income is most frequently reported in this report in quartiles (4 equal-sized groups). Reflecting the approaches of a given data source, we also report divisions of family income in three categories (high, medium, or low) and five groups (quintiles). Using income quartiles or quintiles facilitates comparisons of changes over time, as they reflect a distribution based on data for a given year. In 2016, family income quartiles for dependent 18- to 24-year olds identified by the distribution of family income data in the CPS were: • Lowest quartile: Less than $37,564 • Second quartile: $37,564 to $71,723 • Third quartile: $71,723 to $124,019 • Highest quartile: $124,019 and above In 2016,
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