우이동수학 Measures of educational achievement (e.g., test scores, college entrance rates, and college degree attainment) are highly correlated with parental education. STS Figure 7a uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72) and the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS) of students who were 10th graders in 2002 and were scheduled to graduate in 2004. Comparing the classes of 1972 and 2004 shows large declines in the percentages of high school students who would be first generation to college (defined as no parent has a bachelor’s degree). In 1972, 93 percent of Hispanic students, 92 percent of Black students, 89 percent of American Indian or Alaska Native students, 77 percent of White students, and 78 percent of Asian students had the potential to be first generation to college. About 30 years later, by the high school class of 2004 (as measured by ELS), the percentages of high school students who had the potential to be first generation to college had declined to 79 percent for Hispanics, 71 percent for American Indian and Alaska Native, 69 percent for Blacks, 57 percent for Whites, and 48 percent for Asian students. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic or Latino White Non-Hispanic More than one race reported All 1972 2002 79% 62% 89% 71% 93% 79% 77% 57% 63% 78% 48% 92% 69% STS Figure 7a: Percentage of high school students who had the potential to be first-generation college by race/ethnicity: 1972 (National Longitudinal Study of High School Class of 1972) and 2004 (Educational Longitudinal Study: ELS:2002/2004) NOTE: First generation is defined as no parent or guardian has a bachelor’s degree. The National Longitudinal Study (NLS) of High School Class of 1972 sampled high school seniors and the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS:2002) sampled high school sophomores. This difference may impact the comparison between the two estimates, as the NLS is limited to individuals who persisted to the senior year of high school while the ELS includes students who may leave high school between the sophomore and senior years. SOURCE: Cahalan M. & Curtin T. (2004). A Profile of the Upward Bound Program 2000-2001. US Department of Education, Office of Federal Trio Programs. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/trioupbound/ubprofile-00-01.pdf [Figure 9], Tabulated from the National Longitudinal Study of 1972 (NLS-72) and Educational Longitudinal Study of Youth (ELS:2002/2004). 20 2018 Equity Indicators Report Data from the American Community Survey (ACS), as displayed in STS Figure 7b, give estimates for the percentages of parents of children under 18 who had not completed a bachelor’s degree in 2010 and 2015. While also showing declines in the share of students who had the potential to be first generation to college, the estimates are not directly comparable to those discussed above (which use data from the NCES high school longitudinal studies). The ACS is a household survey, and the estimates are for percentage of all children under 18 years old living in the household sampled. In addition, the ACS classifications reflect newer, more complex race/ethnicity categories. While the percentages continue to decline, the ACS data show that considerable shares of children, especially among racial/ethnic minority groups, continue to be potential first generation to college. By 2015, 82 percent of Hispanic and Pacific Islander children, 79 percent of American Indian/Alaska Native children, and 76 percent of Black children had the potential to be first generation to college, compared with 56 percent of children of two or more races, 57 percent of children of some other race, 50 percent of White children, and 34 percent of Asian children. These data may overestimate potential first-generation status, as some of the parents may complete a bachelor’s degree or higher by the time their children are college age. Differences in Educational Attainment of States. Educational attainment of the adult population is a strong positive predictor of educational
카테고리 없음