번동수학 Competitive” institutions. More than a third of students (37 percent) were attending 2-year institutions. The remaining students attended for-profit institutions (6 percent) or non-ranked 4-year public and non-profits (8 percent), or institutions designated by Barron’s as “Special” (1 percent), “Noncompetitive” (2 percent), or “Less Competitive” (4 percent) 4-year institutions. STS Figure 5a: Percentage distribution of total undergraduate enrollment by institutional competitiveness index: 2015 NOTE: This figure uses Barron’s Admissions Competiveness Index for 2016 and IPEDS fall 2015 enrollment data (full-and part-time enrollment captured by the “EFTOTLT” variable). Students attending institutions not ranked by Barron’s are classified by institutional level and control. We include only public and private not-for-profit institutions in the categories of Barron’s rankings. A small number of for-profit institutions are ranked by Barron’s, but we include these institutions in the for-profit sector. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS), and Barron’s Profiles of American Colleges 32nd Edition (2016). Less Competitive 4% Noncompetitive 2% Special 1% Most Competitive 3% Highly Competitive 5% Private For-Profit (all levels) 6% 4-Year Not Ranked (Public & Private Non-Profit) 8% Very Competitive 13% Competitive 21% 2-Year (Public & Private Non-Profit) 37% 16 2018 Equity Indicators Report Number of Institutions by Competitiveness Index. STS Figure 5b, also using Barron’s 2016 competitiveness index, shows the percentage distribution of degree-granting institutions in each category. The differences in the distributions in STS Figures 5a and 5b reflect differences in enrollment size among institutions of different competitiveness. For example, 2-year public and private non-profit institutions enroll 37 percent of undergraduate students (see STS Figure 5a) but comprise only 25 percent of all degree-granting institutions (STS Figure 5b). Non-ranked 4-year institutions enroll 8 percent of students but comprise 15 percent of institutions. Growth of Students Classified as Eligible for Free or Reduced Price Lunch and Growth of Federal Grants (Pell and Other Grants). STS Figure 6a shows trends in the percentages of youth that are approved as eligible for free or reduced price lunches from 1989 to 2016 and the percent of full-time, first-time degree/certificate seeking undergraduate students enrolled in degree-granting postsecondary institutions who have Federal Grants from 2000-01 to 2014-15. Both measures show an increase in the share of students enrolled in our nation’s educational systems who are from low-income families. The percent of K-12 students eligible for free or reduced price lunches increased from 31 percent in 1989 to 55 percent in 2015, and to 57 percent in 2016. STS Figure 5b: Distribution of institutions by institutional competitiveness index: 2015 NOTE: This figure uses Barron’s Competitiveness index for 2016 and IPEDS. We include only public and private not-for-profit institutions in the categories of Barron’s rankings. A small number of for-profit institutions are ranked by Barron’s, but we include these institutions in the for-profit sector. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS) (2015) and Barron’s Profiles of American Colleges, 32nd Edition (2016). Noncompetitive 1% Most Competitive 2% Special 2% Highly Competitive 2% Less Competitive 4% Competitive 16% Very Competitive 8% 4-Year Not Ranked (Public & Private Non-Profit) 15% Private For-Profit (all levels) 24% 2-Year (Public & Private Non-Profit) 25% Introduction: Setting The Stage 17 The percent of first-time, full-time undergraduates enrolled at public and private non-profit institutions who received Pell or other Federal Grants was 32 percent in 2001. This percentage fluctuated between 32 percent in 2001 and 35 percent in 2005.15 After 2007 (with the Great Recession), the share of first-time, full-time
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